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1.1 Earth's Crust in Motion

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Vocabulary

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Geologists: scientists who study the forces that make and shape the earth
Geology: the study of planet Earth
constructive forces: forces that build up landmasses like mountains
destructive forces: forces that slowly wear away mountains and surface such as what an ocean does
continents: seven large landmasses on earth
seismic waves: waves that move through the Earth's interior
pressure: force pushing on a surface or area
crust: layer of rock that makes up the Earth's outer skin
basalt: dark, dense rock that forms the oceanic crust
granite: rock with larger crystals that is less dense than basalt and makes up the continental crust
mantle: layer of hot rock below the crust
lithosphere: means "stone" and is the mantle and crust together
asthenosphere: means "weak" soft rock material that can flow slowly
outer core: layer of molten metal that surrounds the inner core
inner core: dense ball of solid metal

Outline

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Science of Geology

• studying surface changes
  • surface always changing
• finding indirect evidence
  • cannot see inside earth
  • use seismic waves
    • speed of waves tells the material

Center of the Earth

• temperature
  • surface rock is cool
  • 20 meters/warmer
  • every 40 meters 1 degree celsius hotter
    • boy that's hot
• pressure
  • deeper you the greater the pressure

The crust

*basalt is the oceanic crust (darker color)
granite is the continental crust ( lighter color)

The mantle

*lithosphere is crust + mantle
athenosphere is under lithosphere

The core

*inner core is a dense ball of metal
outer core is surrounding the inner core

Earth's magnetic field

*inner core spins faster than therest of the planet
this movement creates the Earth's magnetic fields
***the magnetic field is what causes the arrow of a compass to point north